Umuyoboro wa karuboni idafite icyerekezo ni ubwoko bwumuyoboro ukoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byinganda. Igikorwa cyacyo cyo gukora ntabwo kirimo gusudira, niyo mpamvu izina "ridahwitse". Ubu bwoko bwumuyoboro mubusanzwe bukozwe mubyuma byujuje ubuziranenge bwa karubone cyangwa ibyuma bivangwa nubushyuhe cyangwa ubukonje. Umuyoboro w'icyuma cya karubone udakoreshwa cyane mu bice byinshi nka peteroli, gaze gasanzwe, inganda z’imiti, amashyiga, ubushakashatsi bwa geologiya n’inganda zikora imashini bitewe n’imiterere imwe n'imbaraga zayo, ndetse no kurwanya umuvuduko mwiza no kurwanya ubushyuhe. Kurugero, imiyoboro yicyuma idafite icyuma gishyiramo ingufu ziciriritse kandi ziciriritse zikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora imiyoboro ikabije yumuriro, imiyoboro y'amazi abira hamwe numuyoboro mwinshi ushyushye kumashanyarazi ya moteri ya moteri zitandukanye kandi ziciriritse. Kandi imiyoboro idafite ibyuma kubitereko byumuvuduko mwinshi bikoreshwa mugukora imiyoboro yubushyuhe bwo hejuru yubushyuhe bwamazi hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi kandi hejuru. Byongeye kandi, imiyoboro yicyuma ya karubone idafite kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibice byubatswe hamwe nibice bya mashini, nkibikoresho byo gutwara ibinyabiziga, amakarita yamagare, hamwe nicyuma cyubwubatsi. Bitewe nuburyo bwihariye bwo gukora, imiyoboro yicyuma ya karubone idafite icyerekezo irashobora kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi mugihe cyo kuyikoresha kandi ntabwo ishobora gutemba, kubwibyo bifite akamaro kanini mugutanga amazi.
Itondekanya ry'imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyerekezo ishingiye ahanini ku bikoresho byo gukora no gukoresha. Ukurikije uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro, imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyuma irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: bishyushye kandi bikonje (bishushanyije). Imiyoboro ishyushye idafite ibyuma irimo imiyoboro rusange yicyuma, imiyoboro yicyuma giciriritse nicyuma giciriritse, imiyoboro yicyuma cyumuvuduko mwinshi, imiyoboro yicyuma, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, imiyoboro yamenagura peteroli nubundi bwoko, mugihe bikonje bikonje (bishushanyije) Imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite icyuma irimo karuboni yoroheje ikikijwe n'ibyuma, imiyoboro y'ibyuma byoroheje cyane, imiyoboro y'ibyuma idafite umuyonga hamwe n'imiyoboro itandukanye idasanzwe. Ibisobanuro by'imiyoboro idafite ibyuma isanzwe igaragarira muri milimetero z'umurambararo w'inyuma n'ubugari bw'urukuta. Ibikoresho birimo ibyuma bisanzwe kandi byujuje ubuziranenge ibyuma bya karubone (nka Q215-A kugeza Q275-A na 10 kugeza kuri 50), ibyuma bito bito (nka 09MnV, 16Mn, nibindi), ibyuma bivangavanze hamwe nicyuma kitarwanya aside. . Guhitamo ibyo bikoresho bifitanye isano nimbaraga, kurwanya umuvuduko no kurwanya ruswa byumuyoboro, bityo hazakenerwa ibikoresho bitandukanye mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda. Kurugero, ibyuma bike bya karubone nka No 10 na No 20 ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane cyane mumiyoboro yo gutanga amazi, mugihe ibyuma bya karubone yo hagati nka 45 na 40Cr bikoreshwa mugukora ibice byubukanishi, nkibice bitera amamodoka na romoruki. . Byongeye kandi, imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite uburinganire igomba kugenzurwa neza mugihe cyogukora, harimo kugenzura imiterere yimiti, gupima imitungo yubukanishi, gupima umuvuduko wamazi, nibindi, kugirango bizere kwizerwa numutekano mubikorwa bitandukanye. Igikorwa cyo gukora imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyerekezo nayo irakomeye cyane. Harimo intambwe nyinshi nko gutobora, kuzunguruka bishyushye, kuzunguruka gukonje cyangwa gushushanya imbeho cyangwa imiyoboro ikomeye, kandi buri ntambwe isaba kugenzura neza kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byanyuma. Kurugero, kubyara imiyoboro ishyushye itagira ibyuma bisaba gushyushya fagitire kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 1200, hanyuma ukayitobora ukoresheje perforator, hanyuma ugakora umuyoboro wibyuma unyuze mu byerekezo bitatu, bikomeza kuzunguruka cyangwa gusohora. Imiyoboro ikonje ikonje idafite ibyuma bisaba umuyoboro wa bili gutorwa no gusiga mbere yo gukonjeshwa (gushushanya) kugirango ugere ku bunini no kumiterere. Izi nzira zitoroshye zo gukora ntabwo zemeza gusa ubwiza bwimbere bwumuyoboro wicyuma udafite kashe, ariko kandi unatanga neza neza kandi neza neza. Mubikorwa bifatika, imiyoboro ya karubone idafite ubudodo ikoreshwa cyane munganda nyinshi nka peteroli, gaze, inganda zimiti, amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe, kubungabunga amazi, kubaka ubwato, nibindi kubera imikorere myiza kandi yizewe. Nibice byingenzi byinganda zigezweho. Haba mubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije w’ibidukikije cyangwa mu bitangazamakuru byangirika, imiyoboro y’icyuma ya karubone idafite icyerekezo irashobora kwerekana imikorere myiza kandi igatanga ingwate zikomeye zo gukora neza sisitemu zitandukanye.
Diameter yimiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyerekezo irashobora kuva kuri DN15 kugeza DN2000mm, uburebure bwurukuta buratandukanye kuva kuri 2,5mm kugeza 30mm, kandi uburebure buri hagati ya 3 na 12m. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byemerera imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyuma gukora neza munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, mugihe kandi byizewe kwizerwa mugihe cyo gutwara no kuyishyiraho. Ukurikije GB / T 17395-2008, ingano, imiterere, uburemere hamwe no gutandukana kwimiyoboro yicyuma idafite ubudodo irategurwa cyane kugirango ibicuruzwa bibe byiza n'umutekano. Iyo uhisemo imiyoboro ya karubone idafite icyerekezo, ni ngombwa gusuzuma umurambararo wimbere, diameter yo hanze, uburebure n'uburebure, ibyo bikaba aribintu byingenzi bigena imikorere yumuyoboro. Kurugero, diameter y'imbere igena ubunini bwumwanya kugirango amazi anyure, mugihe diameter yinyuma nubunini bifitanye isano rya bugufi nubushobozi bwo gutwara umuvuduko. Uburebure bugira ingaruka kuburyo bwo guhuza imiyoboro hamwe nuburyo bugoye bwo kwishyiriraho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-11-2024